Animal Testing Is Commonly Used - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1141 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Animal testing is commonly used for scientific or commercial testing nowadays. However, there are many different views from different people some may think that is good but some may think it is unacceptable. The use of animal testing results in some ethical issues that make it become a controversial issue.Within this essay, the principle of utilitarianism and deontology will be introduced. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Animal Testing Is Commonly Used" essay for you Create order Also, we will show that how do the principle apply in animal testing. According to two different theories, different answers will be presented. Both theories show that animal testing uses for scientific or commercial testing is acceptable. It will then conclude that the use of animals to test the scientific or commercial should be accepted as this will bring more benefit to human and the community. 1. Introduction The essay seeks to discuss whether the use of animals for scientific or commercial testing is acceptable. And under the rules of utilitarianism, animal testing is considered as a moral action which can brings the greatest happiness to the society, since it does not violate the principle of the utility. Besides, under the rules of deontology, animal testing is considered as an immoral action which destroy the moral values. In order to establish the argument, it start to introduce what is animal testing and its current usage. Utilitarianism and deontology will be introduced. It will then move on to the argument on what problems were resulted by animal testing and whether animal testing violate the principle of utility and deontology. At the end, it can be said that animal testing is considered as morally right. 2. Background Information 2.1What is animal testing? An animal test is any scientific experiment or test in which a animal is forced to undergo something that is likely to cause them pain, suffering, distress or lasting damage. In animal experiments, animals would be injected or feed with probably harmful substances, exposed to radiation and forced to inhale toxic gases. Also, the lab resistant may surgically removing animals organs or tissues to deliberately cause damage and subjecting animals to frightening situations to create anxiety and depression. Only vertebrate animals such as mammal, birds and fish, and some invertebrates such as octopuses are defined as ?animals by European legislation governing animal experiments regulations. 2.2 Current usage of animal testing Animal testing is usually used for scientific and commercial testing. Animal are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial and health care uses. It can help us understand our own bodies and how they work. Also, animals are used to see whether new chemicals have harmful effects, such as finding out whether a chemical causes cancer or illness to our body. 3. Utilitarianism 3.1What is utilitarianism? Utilitarianism states that one thing is ethical, or good when it develops the best quantity of good for the best variety of individuals. It is a theory of standardizing ethics that asks whether a specific action is good or bad, moral or immoral. They answer this question with an economic examination that focuses on human lives and says that those actions that build individuals happy and profit for them are good. As an example, a utilitarian could ask whether or not its moral for politicians to pay billions of dollars on campaign advertisement. He or she would examine that money could have been better spent on something else. 3.2What is the principle of utility? The principle of utility states that the most ethical action is that the action that has pleasure or happiness for the most people. Actions are right if they manufacture the greatest pleasure. Actions are wrong if they produce a lot of pain than pleasure to a lot of people.In utilitarianism,goodis outlined as the existence of pleasure and the absence of pain. This is can be calledutility. Hence, utility may be a philosophical theory. Recall that a hedonist believes that the great life consists exclusively within the pursuit and experience of enjoyment or happiness. The feelings of enjoyment and pain are biological events involving our central system, that controlled by our neural structure. We obviously experience pleasure after we perform certain acts that fulfill biological functions like eating, drinking, and having sex. We also experience pleasure after we perform certain intellectual activities, like reading a philosophy textbook, playing piano, or drawing a picture. However, but not forever, experience pleasure when we do the right thing. Conversely, we experience pain when these functions are left unrealized. 4. Deontology 4.1 What is deontology? Deontology is that the branch ofethicsin which individuals outline what is morally right or wrong by the actions themselves, instead of pertaining to the results of these actions, or the character of the one who performs them. The word deontology comes from theGreek roots ?deon, which implies duty science. Thus, deontology is the science of duty. Deontological ethical systems are distinguished by a focus upon and strict adherence to independent moral rules or duties. To create the correct moral decisions, one must understand what those moral duties are and what correct rules exist to manage those duties. When the deontologist follows his or her duty, he or she is by definition behaving morally. Failure to follow ones duty makes one immoral. 4.2 What is principle of deontology? Deontologicalethicalsystemsusuallystressthe explanationswhyboundactionsareperformed.Merelyfollowingthe rightethicalrulesis usuallynot sufficient; instead, oneshouldhavethe rightmotivationsalso. A deontologistisntthought-aboutimmoraleven supposingthey needbrokenan ethicalrule, as long as they wereimpelledto stickto some correctethicalduty. Nevertheless,an accuratemotivation aloneisnta justification forAssociate in Nursingactionin an exceedinglydeontologicalethicalsystem. Itcant beused as a basis for describingAssociate in Nursingaction asvirtuouslycorrect.its conjointlynot enoughto easilybelieve thatone thingis that thecorrect duty to follow. 5. What ethical issues brought by animal testing? 5.1 Animal right and autonomy Animal testing damage the right and autonomy of animal. Animal rights shows that sure things are wrong as a matter of principle, that there are some things that it is virtuously wrong to try and do to animals. Human beings should not do those things, regardless of what the cost to humanity of not doing them. For examples, human use animals for scientific or commercial using, since the actions hurt animals, it cant be accepted. People should not do those things, although they are doing that in a very humane method. 5.2 Was animal testing violating the principle of utility? If animal testing can help the scientists or companies to make safe product to human, animal testing was not violating the principle of utility. I have mentioned the principle of utility states that the most moral action is the action that provides pleasure or happiness for the most people. Actions are right if they produce the greatest pleasure. Since animal testing is commonly used for test whether the products harm to the body, damage the normal body system or contain allergic factors. That brings a lot of benefits to human due to decrease the injury to human.

Essay on Presidential Debates - 511 Words

Presidential Debates Making a decision is a very important part of life that every person, at one time or another, has to make. Options are always available when someone has to make a decision. In choosing a President for our country, we have to look at our candidates and decide which ones beliefs can help the country the most. We get to hear the Presidents opinions through the debates. This year, although we had numerous candidates, the only two that were allowed to participate in the debates was Vice President Al Gore and Texas Governor George Bush. The first debate was held at the University of Massachusetts in Boston. There was no clear and obvious winner in this debate. The debate featured a lot of bickering by both candidates†¦show more content†¦They did not see anything wrong with what Bill Clinton has done in the past eight years so they start denouncing him for the Monica Lewinsky scandal. The Texas Governor also believed that Gore had had his chance for the past eight years but had not done anything he had promised. One of the most important issues for the candidates and the voters is the way the way they control foreign policy. When asked if they would use force to remove Slobodan Milosevic, both said they would not, but Bush said that he would ask Russia to mediate in the talks. This led Gore to point out that Russia has a tendency to support Milosevic at times. A poll was taken after a debate asking people whom they thought had won the debate. Forty-two percent of the people believed that Gore had won, while thirty-nine percent believed it was Bush. Nineteen percent believed it was a tie. While the second debate at Wake Forest University was the least exciting and was gone over very politely by both candidates, the third debate at Washington University in St. Louis featured the most arguing between the two. Bush tried to illustrate himself as a leader who would reach across party lines and bring the nation together. Bush also believed that, although, both of them could talk and make promises, he could actually get it done. On the other hand, Gore tried to portray Bush as someone who would lend a helping hand to big, corporate companies. After feeling the pressure fromShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Debate On Politics Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical debates are broken. A constructive national debate is something that is quite important to the functioning of the American system of democracy. Civil discussions and disagreements have been what fuels progress in this country. Now, at a time of heightened awareness from many American people, the political debates in this country don’t seem to be providing them with good cogent arguments. Instead they are filled with fallacies and many falsehoods. In this essay I argue that the presidential debateRead MoreThe Debate On The Circus Acts That Were Called The 1st Presidential Debate1658 Words   |  7 Pagesviewing the circus acts that were called the 1st presidential debate and the vice-presidential debate that aired earlier in the month, my expectations for the 2nd debate were not too high. Unfortunately my even my low expectations were not met and I felt as though there was not a large enough improvement during this debate to have made any difference from the first one. While we saw some improvement in terms of candidate behavior, the rest of the debate was severely lacking in substance. Questions posedRead MorePresidential Election : Presidential Debates1268 Words   |  6 Pagesis imperative that citizens watch the broadcasted presidential debates before casting their ballots. Thes e debates give each representative of the two most influential political parties, the Democrats and Republicans, time to demonstrate their contrasting viewpoints, and otherwise allow the voter to understand each candidate’s personality. During our psychology class this semester, we were privileged to write essays on the three presidential debates between Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, andRead MoreThe Presidential Debate On The American System Of Democracy Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesA constructive national debate is something that is quite important to the functioning of the American system of democracy. A simple definition of democracy offered by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is that democracy is â€Å"a form of government in which people choose leaders by voting† (Merriam-Webster). Now, at a time of heightened awareness from many American people, the political debates in this country don’t seem to be providing them with good cogent arguments. Instea d they are filled with fallaciesRead MorePerception s Configuration Of Reality : 45th Presidential Debate2105 Words   |  9 PagesConfiguration of Reality: 45th Presidential Debate Jay Van Bavel’s 2016 article addresses an important and relevant issue: voters’ deeply divided perceptions of presidential candidates. According to Bavel, approximately 70 million viewers tuned in to watch the final presidential debate on October 19, 2016. In theory, one would be valid in assuming that while processing such an event, everyone should be experiencing the same reality—all are watching the same debate, hearing the same words said byRead MorePresidential Debate Over Presidential Debates947 Words   |  4 Pageselection in full throttle, Kennedy and Nixon’s presidential debates of 1960 are still very much a part of American democracy. Televised presidential debates have become a backbone in an American election. Although these debates are now considered a norm in American politics, this has not always the case. Even after the first time a presidential debate was held between presidential candidates from across the aisle, it took another 16 yea rs for another debate to occur. It is highly doubtful that eitherRead MoreThe Debate Over Presidential Debates1079 Words   |  5 PagesWhat topics are labeled important enough to be talked about during presidential debates? Topics such as terrorism and national security; the economy; jobs and employment; and the Affordable Care Act and Healthcare all managed to be the center of attention during all debates. What topics were almost entirely ignored? Topics such as gun policy; social issues like LGBT rights and abortion; and the environment and climate change were put to the side to instead talk about Hillary Clinton’s email scandalRead MorePresidential Debate Essay581 Words   |  3 PagesPresidential Debate Another four years another presidential debate. Before I go on to the current debates let me state a few facts about past ones. The Lincoln and Douglas debate was in important because it started Lincoln presidential career. The Debates lasted from August 21 -- October 15. There where seven of them, with two days to two weeks in between. Each debate lasted three hours; first candidate spoke for one hour; the second for one and a half hours; the first replying for a half hourRead MorePresidential Debate Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesPresidential Debate Al Gore and Governor George W. Bush are running for the Presidency. The two candidates are in Presidential Debate to allow the voters to get an understanding of where they each stand on certain positions and policies. Bush and Gore have some similarities and differences on certain positions and policies discussed in the Presidential Debates. Education is an issue discussed in the Presidential Debate. Bush and Gore both agree that there is nothing more precious thanRead MoreThe Presidential Debate At Longwood University Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vice Presidential debate, held at Longwood University on October 4th, was between the Democratic candidate, U.S. Senator Tim Kaine, and Republican candidate, Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Specific issues were asked about by the moderator, Elaine Quijano, such as specific qualities of the candidates that would make them good leaders if tragedy were to occur. However, the candidates used much of their allotted time to target the opposing presidential candidate and would then interrupt their opponent

Annotated Bibliography On Japanese And English - 868 Words

This commentary is compressed form of a thesis on annotated translation. The object of this task is to present a complete annotated translation of a pamphlet that introducing Japanese culture, in particular tea culture. The key difficulties of this translation are â€Å"what issues are faced up when translating the original texts†, and â€Å"how these issues are figured out in the translation†. When translation is processed, I encountered several difficult problems such as a word has two or three definitions and meanings, a word cannot be translated literally, a peculiar idiom, and proper nouns. Nonetheless, to state the grammatical order is different between Japanese and English. In the following section will present these problems, and how I solve. Occasionally a Japanese word has more than two meanings and definitions. When I encountered that situation, I cannot translate that vocabulary immediately. To solve this issue, it is important to recognise a sentence as well as a paragraph. For example, 㠁ŠèÅ' ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£ â€¹Ã£  Ã£â€šË†Ã£  Ã© £ ²Ã£â€šâ‚¬ (continue to drink and enjoy tea). In this case, I interpret よ㠁  for â€Å"continue to†, however, definition for よ㠁  is â€Å"decent† or â€Å"often†. If I translate â€Å"decent† for this word, the sentence does not make sense. Therefore, it is important to understand sentences and paragraph. Other words for this issue remain; より, which means â€Å"more† or â€Å"other than†. 㠁 §Ã£â€šâ€š, which means â€Å"but† or â€Å"even†. éâ€"‹èŠ ±, which means â€Å"a flower bloom† or â€Å"become popular†. One of the common issues for translatingShow MoreRelatedA Candidate For The Ed.d833 Words   |  4 PagesStudies in Long Island University as a well-balanced bilingual English and Korean linguist to use my language teaching, research, translating and interpreting between English and Korean in researching and developing more efficient and practical teaching and learning methodologies in SLA. Summary †¢ Accomplished teacher with extensive experience in teaching English/Korean languagelessons. †¢ Balanced bilingual linguist in Korean and English with exceptional linguistic skills and knowledge of second andRead MoreThe Role of Grammar Instruction in the Second Language Classroom2626 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ The Role of Grammar Instruction in the Second Language Classroom An Annotated Bibliography Introduction The past twenty years have seen a dramatic shift in language classrooms from a focus on grammar rules and drills to more â€Å"communicative† approaches to teaching language. Left behind in the resulting tumult has been the question: Does teaching grammar have any impact on second language learners’ rate of accuracy? Stephen Krashen and others maintain that â€Å"comprehensible input† is sufficientRead More Racism: Past, Present and Future 2012 Words   |  9 PagesCultures that had been so deeply affected by war, one of the first that came to mind were the Japanese in World War II. Then I recalled what one person had told me of their younger days at college, when they were attending school. Their name will remain anonymous; I do not want to make the victim’s name public as it has a very personal nature. They had told me that they had been beaten because they were Japanese. They told me how the group of people, mostly military brats had called them â€Å"Jap†. How theyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Workplace Absenteeism or Anxiety and Depression5481 Words   |  22 PagesQuestion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 8 5. A List of Key Terms amp; Definitions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 6. Annotated Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 a. List of 6 (Best) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 b. List of 2 (Non-research based)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 c. List of 2 (Irrelevant) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 7. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 8. References / Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Introduction The topics for this individual assignment are: Workplace absenteeismRead MoreGung Ho Movie Analysis9681 Words   |  39 Pages............................. 21   Bibliography:.......................................................................................................................... 23   Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 25      Louvain  School  of  Management  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  Academic  year  2012†2013   2   Gung Ho, Movie Analysis – Group 6 The analysis of American and Japanese crosscultural perspectives throughRead MoreIB EE GUIDE9051 Words   |  37 Pagesto find your sources fast 11 I can’t find it on Google, where do I look? 12 All topics 12 Humanities Literature 12 Sciences 13 Encyclopaedias 14 Magazines 14 eBooks 14 Referencing, Bibliographies and Citations 15 What is a bibliography? 15 What is a citation? 15 Examples of citation bibliography 16 Website 16 e-book 16 Image online 16 Interview 16 Generic Extended Essay Feedback Form 17 Extended Essay Study Plan 20 Business Management 21 Overview 21 Choice of topic 21 TreatmentRead MoreEssay The Forbidden City2571 Words   |  11 Pagessignificant role in the expression of architecture. Work Cited Kostof, Spiro. â€Å" A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals† The World at Large: Roman Concurrences. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. 231-232 Steinhardt, Nancy. â€Å"English text edited and expanded. New Haven† New York: Yale University Press, c2002. 266-272 Liu, Laurence G. â€Å"Chinese Architecture† Palace and Imperial Gardens, New York:Rizzoli, 1989. 247 Swann, Peter C. â€Å"Chinese Monumental Art. Photos. byRead MoreEssay on Vietnamese Americans3140 Words   |  13 Pageshad little to no assistance once here. Overall, Vietnamese youth, nationally, have the highest rate of incarceration among Asians (Angela 2000). Vietnamese gangs were quick to establish themselves. The young children, who did not know the English language, clearly could not excel in school and needed to work to help support the family. The pressure to succeed, not only from family members, but also from society and stereotyping educators, pushed Vietnamese students harder than others. OnRead MoreThesis About English Proficiency Among Bshrm Students10781 Words   |  44 PagesLevel of English Proficiency and Communication Skills among BSHRM CSTA Students: an Assessment A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Colegio De Sta. Teresa De Avila Foundation Inc. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management By: Wendell Galapate Mau Bryan Calimlim Alvin Pancito Robert Charles Magno Rodrigo Tinaja Jr. Heizel Bisnan Lea Sojor Jenelyn Soriano Aisha Valencia Clarisse Hipolito Ian VictoRead MoreBusiness in Hong Kong Essay7716 Words   |  31 Pagesbusiness in this nation, which compares mainly to United States’ culture and in business as well. (Ling Lai, 2010). Hong Kong has portrayed the influence of age, gender, social class, and ethnic identity into its culture and to areas around them. English is a language employed into of that of the government and in the legal system in education. In the realm of international business, Cantonese uses vast majority of Hong Kong in regards to its population, using that language for informal daily-life

Performance Management at Heinz Company Australia - Solution

Question: Describe about the Performance Management at Heinz Company Australia? Answer: Introduction The report aims at developing skills to apply HRM strategies within a contemporary organisational framework. The company being taken to examine the concepts of performance management is Heinz Australia. The company was found to fire one of their sales managers, Moretti on grounds of performance management. However, this was found unfair by Fair Work Australia. The report takes into consideration various aspects of performance management. By definition, performance management refers to the process by which managers and employees work in a team, plan, and assess the employees work objectives and his /her overall contribution towards the success of an organisation (Olsen, 2010). Besides just being a reviewing process, performance management is the continuous process of setting objectives, monitoring the performance of the employees, providing training to employees for their weaker sections and helping them grow themselves professionally (Steve, 2009). For instance, there are numerous so ftware applications and templates available for the organisation to effectively manage the performance of their employees. For example, Taleo Perform is one of the software applications available for effective performance management. Taleo Perform gets integrated with Microsoft Outlook and Taleos recruiting software. With this, managers and employees can complete online surveys on performance management which can be assessed by managers to offer rewards and promotion to employees who have shown exceptional performance. This report is basically a critical review of the employee performance management strategies of Heinz Company Australia. Towards the end, the report also provides recommendations to Heinz Company Australia for future. 1. How was Heinzs approach to performance management invalid in relation to Morettis job? Explain your answer in relation to significance of strategic performance management, appraisal and employee feedback in organisational context. The foremost aspect which can be observed from the case study is that Heinz insisted on an individual performance management plan for the manager was a low score in his annual review (Nielsen, 2013). But this score was not a rating for individual performance which can be attributed solely to Moretti, rather it was companywide rating which implies that it applies equally to all the employees in a uniform way and hence, if this was the only reason then all the employees would have been stress upon individual performance management plan. At the outset, this approach was faulty which discriminated against Moretti and strictly violates the policies of corporate performance management and unethical. Strategic Performance Management is employed for different purposes and serves the interest of the employee and the company simultaneously (Swiss, 2005). For the company, it is aimed at synchronizing the objectives of the company with the employees career growth. On the other hand, it is significant for the employee as he or she can focus on the organizational goals by working towards the collective good along with improving his own career prospects within the organization (US Office, 2009). The general techniques to be adopted for employee performance evaluation are to be weighed against the facts of the case; in light to the meeting with retail sales manager and the communication exchange which took place between Heinz and Moretti between the month of July and August also indicates towards faulty implementation of employee performance evaluation plan due to various reasons. When the meeting took place with the retail manager sales, Moretti was asked either to leave or he would be done away with by being performance managed out. In case this was not true, Heinz should have come up with a claim disputing this fact but ironically, it did not happen which made it an undisputed fact. Further, the employee made several requests so that the company let him the performance concerns but this was denied until unless he signed an individual performance management plan. In employee feedback strategies, this is termed as undue influence because Heinz was at a better position and hence, observed implied control on Moretti due to which it exercised carelessness and implicitly stressed upon him to agree to their demand which was individual performance management plan (Olsen, 2010). The apprehension of Moretti was pretty genuine in this case that this might be used as a tactic to oust him from the company. This is to be seen in comparison to settled principles of strategic performance management. Strategic performance management is a tool for evaluating the performance of the employee with respect to how he has delivered f or meeting the organizational goals and has fared in career development. It comprises of reviews of employees within the company which are based on peer reviews, progress of the project and other criteria (Rausch, 2003). Here, the efforts have been made by the retail manager sales which specified that there is no longer a job for Moretti, a company like Heinz cannot shun its responsibility as it reflects poor job security prospects on the part of the company and also reflects faulty Human Resources techniques. It is very crucial for the employees that an optimal level of job security is provided so that the employees can be assured of being a part of the organization and it also works as a motivational factor for them subsequently indicating proper implementation of Human Resources strategies (Coknis, 2009). According to Patrick Proctor, it is very important to heed to the needs of the employees as it is the best way to make sure that the company is listening to the employees needs after all, they are the ones who are at the helm of the affairs and make the company run the business. If the employee would be unsure of his job prospects and is afraid that in the name of individual performance managemen t plans, he can be made a scapegoat of the situation, then it would block all the paths to approach the higher management and any honest opinion would be lost in oblivion which is highly detrimental to the company itself. If one goes by the Strategic performance management concepts by Cranfield University school of management, the knowledge to create strategic alignment across your organization through the design, implementation and management of goals, measures and targets is an important part of it (Routledge, 2009). This means that this knowledge was not imparted which disturbed the alignment and this divagate the employees from the vision of the company which will further carve up the path of individual growth and organizational goals and create conflict of interest among the employees. The appraisal also known as performance review or career development discussion is pivotal to the projects for evaluating and making decisions on the basis of the performance of the employee whic h is documented in detail and then performance is evaluated. As mentioned in the case study, there were other alternatives which could have been adopted Heinz. Some of these alternatives can be found in the improvements techniques of applications of Performance appraisal (Mawhinney, 2001). According to Muchinsky, training, peer reviews, development sessions and regular feedbacks to employees are the alternatives which can be adopted if the performance is not going on as per the company standards. In the present study, it was a genuine apprehension expressed by Moretti that he was suspicious about the intentions of the company. Moreover, there has been no past record where any manager was subjected to such an individual performance management plan although employees other than the manager were subjected to such but whenever it happened; it culminated in the result that it was because of their poor performance. So all in all, even if his performance was not up to the mark about which there is not substantial record, it was not justified that he would be subjected to such an approach which not only lead to reversal of decision of the company by his reinstatement but also put an adverse impact on other managers about faulty strategic performance management and erroneous implementation of employee appraisal (Chen, 2007). 2. How was Heinzs approach towards employee performance management unreliable? Discuss your answer that relates employee performance management and its impact on strategic human resource management and organisational performances. Employee performance management is an indicator of the employees contribution towards success of the company (Ghemawat, 2002). A company which is successful tends to have better employee performance management than others which are not doing well in competitive scenario. By definition, employee performance management refers to the process of establishing a shared workforce understanding regarding what is to be achieved at an organisation level. In broader sense, employee performance management aligns the organisational objectives with measures, competencies and development plans as agreed by employee (Hill, 2012). In case of Heinz, the approach adopted by the company towards employee performance management was considered totally unreliable. This is due to the fact that the company dismissed a sales manager on grounds on inefficient performance. But the real scenario was somewhat different. The organisation took a company-wide rating instead of individual rating for employee performan ce and in this rating, Moretti scored really low. Since the ratings were not individual instead company-wide, Heinz Company Australia could not dismiss him on grounds of performance concerns. Moreover, the company tried threatening Moretti to fire him if he didnt sign the individual performance management plan. Although Moretti was repeatedly told about his performance concerns but no details were provided on his repeated insistence. The employee performance management has a critical impact on the strategic human resource management of an organisation (Lamb, 2004). Strategic human resource management is defined as the form of management of activities of employees in an organisation. A company where employees have high performance, it will have efficient strategic human resource management. Alternatively, a company with low employee performance will have inefficient strategic human resource management (Porter, 1996). However, strategic human resource management hugely depends upon the employee-employer relationship. In case of Heinz Company Australia, the relationship of the company with its employees doesnt seem cordial and healthy. Due to unhealthy relations, the company took an action against its sales manager on false grounds of performance concerns. As per experts in HRM, it is believed that HRM strategies have direct impact on the employee performance through employee motivation. By definition, employee moti vation refers to the process of motivating and encouraging employees contribute hugely towards success of organisation. Employee motivation provides employee outcomes, boosts the performance of employees and ultimately impacts the productivity and performance of employees (Kvint, 2009). Strategic HRM is seen as an indicator of the intentions of organisation towards its employees. For instance, if an organisation conducts regular training for its employees then it can result in better employee performance. Hence, greater training can be effectively linked to productivity of employees. In case of Heinz Company Australia, the company lacked motivation in its HRM strategies. Due to this, the Deputy President of FWA didnt accept the repeated arguments of Heinz Company Australia. He figured out that flawed employee performance management is one of the primary reasons for the failure of the company in developing their employees performance. In another example, employee performance management have strong relationship with organisational performance and behaviour. Employees who are regularly awarded with bonuses, promotion and rewards based upon their performance tends to be highly motivated (Crosby, 2009). It keeps them satisfied and encouraged towards contributing their best towards their job role. Also, the effective recruiting and selection practices along with better compensation terms tend to have positive impact on the performance of the employees. But in case of Heinz Company Australia, no employee had ever been subjected to performance management plans. Moreover, managers were never subjected to performance management plans but one employee was subjected to the poor performance management plans of the company, he was dismissed without a second thought. Hence, it can be concluded from above discussion that employee performance management usually have positive relationships with strategic HRM and organisational behaviour. 3. Identify the ways in which Heinzs employee performance management could be improved. As part of your answer, make sure you explain carefully how the company should implement your recommendations because so much of success in this area depends on the how of any strategy is implemented. In the scenario, Heinz Company Australia had to suffer due to its poor employee performance management. An effective employee performance management requires continuous process of setting objectives, monitoring the performance of the employees, providing training to employees for their weaker sections and helping them grow themselves professionally (Chaffee, 1985). However, in case of Heinz Company Australia, no such employee performance management plans were followed for employees and managers. Ultimately, this impacted the strategic HRM and organisational behaviour of the company greatly. The company dismissed their sales manager, Monetti on grounds of performance concerns but didnt provide any details to him in spite of his repeated insistence. The case when taken up by Deputy President of FWA was viewed as the fault of the company rather than employee. In order to improve the ways using which employee performance management of Heinz Company Australia can be improved are: Diagnosing poor performance: In order to enhance the employee performance management, one of the critical ways is to diagnose the poor performance by conducting frequent employee performance audits. These audits will help to monitor the weak points of employees individually. In general, before taking any step to fix the poor performance of the employees, it is crucial to determine its cause. Those causes can only be determined with regular performance audits (Chandler, 2002). Most common causes of poor performance of employees in organisations such as Heinz Company Australia are lack of ability, lack of motivation, lack of training sessions. But in case, managers observe that an employee is not making efforts to do his job then they are likely to put pressure on him. The increased pressure can worsen the problem in spite of motivating employee to his job efficiently. The low ability of employees in Heinz Company Australia can be due to numerous reasons, such as, over-difficult tasks, low aptitude, skills and knowledge of employee, high effort but low performance and lack of improvement over time. Many times, candidates with low ability are matched with wrong jobs. This is one of the factors leading to poor performance. Secondly, some employees might have been promoted to positions that are demanding. Thirdly, employees might have not been able to get the support from management which they must get. These are most probable causes of poor performance (Mintzberg, 1987). These can be effectively fixed by recruiting right candidate for position, assessing the performance level of the employee and then promoting him and providing appropriate support to him by management (Mintzberg, 1996). Boost the ability of employees: In organisations such as Heinz Company Australia, managers can enhance the ability of the employees. In general, there are five ways to overcome employee performance problems related to lack of ability. The ways include Resupply, Retrain, Refit, Reassign and Release. Resupply: This includes assessing the resources available to employees. Many times, employees dont have adequate resources to complete their job. For example, employees dont have internet access to be updated with latest trends. It can result in poor performance (Drucker, 1954). Hence, managers need to resupply the resources so that employee performance can be enhanced. Retrain: This includes training the employees about their work. Untrained employees are not productive and cant be innovative in their work. Hence, second way is to retrain the employees and providing them significant training to manage their work effectively. Refit: If resupply and retrain dont work to maximise the employee performance, then the other option is to reconsider the person for the job role. Many time, a candidate is not fit the job and hence it results in poor performance. Reassign: Fourth way to maximise employee performance is to reassign the tasks to different employees who might be much capable of doing work than the employee who has been assigned previously. Release: In case all four options dont work to maximise the employee performance at Heinz Company Australia, the last option is to release the employee. In other words, it means to let the employee go and hire another at his position. This should be seen as final step and must not be used in situations where employee performance can be managed by training, supplying the resources (Henderson, 1981). Enhance motivation level of employee: In order to improve the employee performance management at organisations such as Heinz Company Australia, one of the ways is to improve the motivation level of employees. This can be done by setting performance goals for individual employees, provision to provide assistance to employees and provision to provide feedback to employees regularly (Kearney, 2002). These are some of the ways that can be adopted by Heinz Company Australia to improve their employee performance management. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that employee performance management has a huge impact on HRM strategies and organisational behaviour. A company with efficient employee performance management can be successful in long run due to successful HRM strategies and cooperative organisational behaviour. References 1. Olsen, E. (2010). Performance management. M3 Planning.2. Steve, D. (2009). Performance Management: The Three Laws of Performance: Rewriting the Future of Your Organization and Your Life (1st ed.).3. Nielsen, A. (2013). Performance Management, Managerial Authority, and Public Service Performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 4. Swiss, E. (2005). A framework for assessing incentives in results-based management. Public Administration Review 65:592602.5. US Office. (2009). A Handbook for Measuring Employee Performance, US Office of Personnel Management6. Olsen, E. (2010). Performance Management Software. M3 Planning.7. Rausch, P. (2003). Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems, and Industrial Applications. Springer Verlag U.K.8. Coknis, G. (2009). Performance Management - Integrating Strategy Execution, Methodologies, Risk, and Analytics. Gary Cokins, John Wiley Sons, Inc.9. Routledge, T. (2009). Journal of Organizational Behavior Ma nagement.10. Mawhinney, T. (2001). Handbook of Organizational Performance. Carl Merle Johnson Press.11. Chen, M. (2007). What is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field (PDF). Strategic Management Journal 28 (9): 935955. 12. Ghemawat, P. (2002). Competition and Business Strategy in Historical Perspective. Business History Review (Harvard Business Review).13. Hill, C. (2012). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Cengage Learning, 10th edition.14. Lamb, R. (2004). Competitive strategic management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.15. Porter, E. (1996). What is Strategy?. Harvard Business Review.16. Kvint, V. (2009). The Global Emerging Market: Strategic Management and Economics. Routeledge.17. Chaffee, E. (1985). Three models of strategy. Academy of Management Review, vol 10, no. 1, 1985.18. Chandler, A. (2002). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the history of industrial enterprise, Doubleday, New York.19. Mintzber g, H. (1987). Why Organizations Need Strategy. California Management Review .20. Mintzberg, B. (1996). The Strategy Process:Concepts, Contexts, Cases. Prentice Hall. 21. Drucker, P. (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper Row. 22. Henderson, B. (1981). The Concept of Strategy. Boston Consulting Group. Accessed on 19 March, 2015.23. Kearney, A. (2002). Total Quality Management: A business process perspective, Kearney Pree Inc.24. Crosby, P. (2009). Quality is Free, McGraw Hill, New York.